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Mereology: A Philosophical Introduction
. By Lando Giorgio
New York
:
Bloomsbury Press
,
2017
. Pp.
ix
+
237
. Price £76.49.)
Jeroen Smid Lund University, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic
The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 68, Issue 272, July 2018, Pages 651–653, https://doi.org/10.1093/pq/pqx070
Published:
01 June 2018
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Jeroen Smid, Mereology: A Philosophical Introduction, The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 68, Issue 272, July 2018, Pages 651–653, https://doi.org/10.1093/pq/pqx070
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In this well-written and thought-provoking book, Giorgio Lando explains and defends mereological monism, the thesis that Classical Extensional Mereology is the correct and exhaustive theory of parthood and composition. This is the first book-length discussion of this philosophical thesis and anyone interested in mereology should consider Lando's arguments. But there is also much to like for those with only a mild interest in (theories of) the part–whole relation because Lando connects various mereological debates to general philosophical matters such as principles for theory choice, ad hoc solutions and the evidentiary role of natural language and intuitions.
An illustrative example is ch. 2 where the advantages of mereological monism are discussed. Lando explains that if mereological monism is correct, there is only one correct theory of parthood and composition, viz Classical Extensional Mereology. So, if a relation does not conform to the principles of Classical Extensional Mereology, then it is not an instance of the part–whole relation. This may help us in matters of theory choice. Lando's example is that of property instantiation: some theories state that properties relate to objects as parts relate to wholes (p. 33–5). But if some features of property instantiation do not accord with the principles of Classical Extensional Mereology, then such theories are wrong and can be discarded. So Lando brings breadth to the debates about mereology: if there is a convincing counterexample to a principle of Classical Extensional Mereology, then mereological monism is false. And if mereological monism is false, we lose a valuable tool that could help us in our search for acceptable theories.
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